You may have inherited more than just your eye color or smile—your foot structure might be part of your genetic story, too. But is flatfoot really passed down through families, or is it shaped more by lifestyle and habits? The answer isn’t as clear-cut as it seems, and what you learn might surprise you.
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Can Flatfoot Be Inherited? Exploring the Genetic Connection
Flatfoot, also known as pes planus, occurs when the arches of the feet collapse, allowing the entire sole to come into contact with the ground. While some people with flatfoot have no symptoms at all, others may experience discomfort, fatigue, or pain—especially during prolonged standing or physical activity.
Comprehending what causes flatfoot is essential to managing and potentially preventing it. Among the contributing factors, genetics plays a significant role. In many cases, flatfoot runs in families, suggesting that inherited traits can influence foot structure and arch development.
Recognizing the genetic connection helps individuals be more aware of their risk, especially if there’s a family history of the condition. Early monitoring and intervention can make a meaningful difference in long-term foot health and function.
Flatfoot Can Be Inherited
Research shows that flatfoot can be passed down through families. If one or both parents have flat feet, there is an increased likelihood that their children will also develop the condition. This pattern of inheritance points to a genetic influence on how the foot’s structure forms, particularly in the development and support of the arch.
Genetic factors may determine the strength, flexibility, and alignment of the bones, ligaments, and tendons that contribute to arch formation. While not everyone with a family history of flatfoot will experience symptoms, being aware of this hereditary link can help with early identification and proactive foot care.
Genetics and Flatfoot
Genetics plays an important role in the development of flatfoot by influencing specific traits related to foot structure. One such trait is ligament laxity, or unusually flexible ligaments. When inherited, this increased flexibility can prevent the foot from forming a stable arch, making flatfoot more likely.
In addition to ligament characteristics, genetic variations tied to musculoskeletal development may also contribute. For example, research has linked certain gene variations—such as those involving the ANKRD1 gene—to structural differences in the body that can affect how the foot forms and functions.
These inherited traits highlight the complex relationship between genetics and flatfoot, reinforcing the importance of early awareness and monitoring in individuals with a family history of the condition.
Family History and Flatfoot
Having a family history of flatfoot can increase the chances of developing the condition, but it does not guarantee it. The inheritance of flatfoot does not follow a strict Mendelian pattern, which means it isn’t passed down in a simple dominant or recessive way. Instead, it involves a more complex interaction of genetic and non-genetic factors.
Even if flatfoot is present in parents or siblings, an individual may not necessarily develop it. Environmental influences—such as physical activity, footwear, and weight—along with lifestyle habits, can affect whether a genetic predisposition leads to the actual development of flatfoot. This highlights the importance of both genetic awareness and healthy habits in managing foot health.
Other Causes of Flatfoot
Although genetics plays a main role in the development of flatfoot, several other factors can also contribute to the condition. These non-genetic causes may lead to arch collapse either gradually or suddenly, depending on the underlying issue.
- Injury: Trauma to the foot or ankle can damage the tendons and ligaments that support the arch, resulting in a collapsed arch over time.
- Obesity: Excess body weight places increased pressure on the feet, which can gradually flatten the arches and lead to discomfort or pain.
- Arthritis: Inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can alter joint and soft tissue structure in the foot, contributing to flatfoot.
- Aging: Over time, wear and tear—especially to the posterior tibial tendon, which supports the arch—can weaken the foot’s structural integrity.
- Neurological Conditions: Disorders that affect nerve function can cause muscle weakness, reducing support for the arch and altering foot alignment.
Recognizing these additional causes helps create a more complete picture of flatfoot and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive assessment and care.
Flatfoot in Children
Flatfoot in children is a common and often harmless part of early development. Most infants are born with flat feet due to the presence of a soft fat pad on the soles, and their arches typically begin to form gradually, usually becoming more defined by around age 6.
In many cases, children may have flexible flatfoot, a condition where the arch is visible when the child is sitting or standing on tiptoes but flattens when standing normally. This type is generally painless and doesn’t affect walking, running, or participation in sports.
Nevertheless, if a child experiences pain, fatigue during activity, or if the flatfoot appears rigid (non-flexible), it may indicate an underlying issue. In such cases, a medical evaluation is recommended to determine the appropriate next steps and ensure healthy foot development.
Get Professional Treatment for Flatfoot
The treatment approach depends on the presence and severity of symptoms. In many cases, especially in children with no discomfort, treatment may not be necessary. Nonetheless, when flatfoot causes pain, affects mobility, or leads to other complications, professional intervention can help manage and improve the condition.
Common treatment options include:
- Orthotic Devices: Custom arch supports can relieve discomfort and help align the feet properly.
- Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises can strengthen the foot and ankle muscles, offering better support for the arch.
- Supportive Footwear: Shoes with adequate arch support and cushioned heels can reduce strain and improve comfort.
- Surgery: In more severe or persistent cases that don’t respond to conservative care, surgery may be considered to correct structural problems.
Consulting a healthcare professional is essential to receive a proper diagnosis and develop a treatment plan tailored to your individual needs.
Sources.
Singh, J. (2025). GENETICS VS. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLATFOOT. Journal of East-West Thought (JET) ISSN (O): 2168-2259 UGC CARE I, 15(1), 451-460.
Bednarczyk, E., Sikora, S., Kossobudzka-Górska, A., Jankowski, K., & Hernandez-Rodriguez, Y. (2024). Understanding flat feet: An in-depth analysis of orthotic solutions. Journal of Orthopaedic Reports, 3(1), 100250.
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